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A DEEP DIVIDE

In the high-stakes election for Pennsylvania governor that will decide the future of abortion access in the state, the two candidates’ records on the matter could hardly be more divergent.

Pennsylvania gubernatorial candidates Josh Shapiro (left) and Doug Mastriano (right).Thomas Hengge / Staff Photographer & Associated Press

Josh Shapiro first ran for public office as a staunch abortion rights advocate nearly two decades ago and, through four terms in the state House, voted against bills restricting abortion access — even when half the Democratic caucus joined Republicans.

When Doug Mastriano became a state senator 15 years later, the first bill he put forth would have banned abortion after about six weeks into pregnancy, one of the most far-reaching proposals introduced in the state.

Today, Shapiro, the Democratic attorney general, and Mastriano, a Republican representing Franklin County, are campaigning for Pennsylvania governor in a territory uncharted for the last 50 years: an America where states now decide whether abortion is legal or not.

Republicans currently control both chambers of the legislature. If that holds following the midterm elections, the next governor is likely to see legislation on their desk that restricts abortion.

For context

Current Pennsylvania law generally allows abortions to be performed up to about 24 weeks into a pregnancy. The vast majority of abortions in the state are performed in the first trimester, before about 12 weeks’ gestation.


State law also includes some restrictions on the procedure, including a 24-hour waiting period, mandatory counseling, and required parental consent for teenagers.


Pennsylvania does not have a “trigger law” on the books, meaning its laws did not change when the U.S. Supreme Court overturned Roe v. Wade.

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Both candidates agree: Their differences can’t be overstated. Mastriano made ending abortion a central tenet of his primary campaign and said he would support criminal penalties for health care providers who perform them. Shapiro says he would reject any bill further restricting access to the procedure.

And in an age when politicians often change positions based on which way public opinion is swaying, both men have been steadfast on the issue during their time in public office — but at opposite ends of the spectrum.

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The Inquirer reached out to both candidates requesting interviews to ask them about their positions on a variety of abortion-related proposals. Shapiro said in an interview that he has voted and acted consistently in favor of “respecting a woman’s right to choose,” and he reiterated that he would veto any attempt to infringe on it.

“I’m dealing with the reality,” he said, “that this legislature is going to keep putting bills on the desk of the governor to ban abortion.”

Mastriano’s campaign did not respond. He said last week he won’t give traditional media “the time of day.”

Here is a look at Shapiro and Mastriano’s positions on abortion – both what they’ve said and what they’ve done.

Shapiro takes office in the state House in 2005

During the 2004 campaign to represent a Montgomery County swing district, Shapiro describes himself as supportive of Roe v. Wade and abortion rights. He spent his early career working as an aide to then U.S. Rep. Joseph Hoeffel, a Democrat who later ran for governor and pledged to repeal abortion restrictions.

Shapiro told The Inquirer on Friday he has long “fundamentally believe[d] this is a decision for a woman to make.”

“It is not a decision that should be made by politicians,” he said. “We certainly don’t need someone because of their own ideology or religious beliefs telling the women in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania what they can and can’t do with their bodies.”

In this October 2004 file photo, Josh Shapiro campaigns in Glenside, Montgomery County, to represent the district in the state House.RON TARVER
  • Josh Shapiro
    October 2007 — official act as state representative

    Cosponsors a bill to ensure rape victims have access to emergency contraception when they are treated in Pennsylvania hospitals. The legislation later dies in committee.

  • Josh Shapiro
    December 2011 — key votes

    Shapiro votes against two bills that were opposed by abortion-rights advocates, including:

    •A bill that classified abortion providers as ambulatory surgical facilities, requiring them to comply with stricter code regulations. The legislation later passes with about half of House Democrats joining Republicans to vote in favor of it. The legislation becomes law.

    •Legislation that prohibits health plans offered through the exchange established through the Affordable Care Act from covering abortions outside cases of rape or incest or in cases when the pregnancy could lead to death. Again, Shapiro was among about half of Democrats who voted along the abortion rights line. The bill dies in the Senate. (A similar bill became law in 2013.)

For context

Pennsylvania law has long generally prohibited Medicaid dollars from being used to cover abortions except for in cases of rape or incest or concern that the pregnancy could lead to death. A case making its way through the state court system challenges that provision and asks the courts to find a right to taxpayer funding for abortion in the state Constitution.


Mastriano has said he opposes the use of public funding for any abortion.


Shapiro said that his position “has not changed,” saying patients should not “be denied critical healthcare just because of how much money they make.”


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Shapiro sworn in as attorney general in January 2017

After serving as a Montgomery County commissioner, Shapiro runs for attorney general and is endorsed by Planned Parenthood in both the primary and the general election. The executive director of the group’s political arm in Pennsylvania says Shapiro “has always been a champion of ours." Shapiro describes himself as a staunch abortion rights advocate, and in the lead-up to the primary election, his campaign runs an ad specifically criticizing his Democratic opponent’s record on abortion.

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  • Josh Shapiro
    August 2018 — official action as attorney general

    Files formal legal comments opposing a proposed Trump administration rule change to prohibit providers in the national Title X family planning program from referring patients for abortion services.

Mastriano begins campaigning for public office

After spending 30 years in the U.S. Army on active duty, Mastriano in 2018 unsuccessfully runs for Congress and describes himself as unabashedly antiabortion.

While Mastriano’s campaign did not respond to an interview request to elaborate on his position, he has said his view is informed by his deep commitment to his Christian faith, which he has in many ways fused with his politics.

He also said in a campaign video this year that the issue is personal to him, noting that “when we were much younger,” his wife had a miscarriage a few months into a pregnancy.

“We mourned the loss of that little one as you would any person,” he said.

  • Doug Mastriano
    January 2019 — campaign for state Senate

    Shortly after launching his campaign, Mastriano says during an interview with the Shippensburg News-Chronicle that he would “fight for life.” He adds: “The government sponsorship of murdering the unborn must end. I will do whatever it takes to end the barbaric holocaust of abortion happening in our state. As a start, we must stop all taxpayer funding of this brutal slaughter.”

  • Doug Mastriano
    February 2019 — campaign for state Senate

    Shares a cartoon on Facebook suggesting abortion in the U.S. has been more deadly than the Holocaust and writes “so sad.” The cartoon depicts the Grim Reaper with the words “Roe v. Wade” stripped across his chest, and depicts “Stalin” and a Nazi bowing and saying, "You are so much greater than we ever were!"

  • Josh Shapiro
    March 2019 — official action as attorney general

    Shapiro sues the Trump administration to challenge a so-called “gag rule” imposed on Title X family planning providers. (The rule takes effect but is reversed by the Biden administration in 2021.)

Mastriano takes office in the state Senate in June 2019

Within weeks, he circulates a memorandum announcing his intention to introduce a so-called “heartbeat bill,” which would effectively ban abortion after about six weeks gestation. He writes in the memo: "The right to life is the single most important issue of our lifetime, but it has been clouded by polarization and politicization."

For context

Most physicians consider the term “heartbeat bill” to be a misnomer. Such legislation prohibits abortions after ultrasound screening picks up an embryo’s cardiac activity, which can happen as early as six weeks into a pregnancy and before many are aware they’re pregnant.


Proponents refer to such cardiac activity as a heartbeat. But a heartbeat is created by the opening and closing of heart valves, and the fetus does not have a circulatory system at that point in a pregnancy. The sound that can be heard in the doctor’s office at six weeks is artificially generated by the ultrasound machine. Using a stethoscope, the physician typically cannot hear a true heartbeat until 18 to 20 weeks into the pregnancy.

Mastriano is the prime sponsor of a “heartbeat” bill.


Shapiro has said if elected governor, he would veto it.

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  • Doug Mastriano
    October 2019 — official action as state senator

    He introduces a heartbeat bill as its prime sponsor in the state Senate, the first piece of legislation he introduces as an elected official. The measure would ban abortion after “a fetal heartbeat is detected,” and it does not include any exceptions. During a news conference, Mastriano says: “I‘m gonna fight this to my dying breath, because this is a fight worth fighting, and I‘m gonna fight to the end.”

  • Josh Shapiro
    August 2019 — official action as attorney general

    Files a brief in support of a coalition of states challenging Indiana state officials who barred a provider from opening a medication abortion clinic. An appeals court sides with the provider, and the Supreme Court declines to take up the case. (Following the overturning of Roe v. Wade, the legal status of abortion in Indiana is unclear.)

  • Doug Mastriano
    November 2019 — key vote

    Votes in favor of a bill that would make it illegal to perform abortions due to a prenatal diagnosis of Down syndrome. The bill, which Mastriano cosponsors, is passed by the legislature and is vetoed by Wolf.

  • Josh Shapiro
    January 2020 — official action as attorney general

    Files to enter Pennsylvania into a multistate coalition challenging the legality of a package of laws in Arkansas that restrict abortion after 18 weeks into a pregnancy. A federal judge blocks the legislation from taking effect. (Following the overturning of Roe v. Wade, abortion in Arkansas is banned with no exceptions for rape or incest due to a separate law on the books.)

  • Doug Mastriano
    April 2020 — key vote

    Votes in favor of legislation that would bar health care providers from prescribing abortion-inducing medication via telemedicine. The General Assembly passes the legislation, which is vetoed by Wolf.

  • Josh Shapiro
    October 2020 — official action as attorney general

    Signs a declaration, along with other prosecutors from across the nation, stating he would not enforce laws criminalizing abortion, even if Roe falls. Among other objections, they argued criminalizing abortion would keep victims of rape, human trafficking, and domestic violence from reporting the crimes.

  • Doug Mastriano
    January 2021 — official action as state senator

    Consponsors another bill making it illegal to perform abortions due to a prenatal diagnosis of Down syndrome. It is reintroduced after being vetoed by Wolf.

    Pennsylvania state Sen. Doug Mastriano, R-Franklin, center, speaks to supporters of President Donald Trump as they demonstrate outside the Pennsylvania State Capitol in November 2020.Julio Cortez
  • Doug Mastriano
    March 2021 — official action as state senator

    Reintroduces his heartbeat bill in the state Senate, and it is referred to the Health and Human Services Committee, where it remains today.

  • Josh Shapiro
    September 2021 — official actions as attorney general

    Takes several steps challenging abortion restrictions in other states, including:

    • Files a brief in support of the U.S. Department of Justice, which challenges Texas’ six-week abortion ban. The U.S. Supreme Court in December 2021 rules to allow the law to remain in effect. (Following the overturning of Roe v. Wade, a Texas trigger ban on all abortions, without exceptions for rape or incest, will likely take effect this summer.)

    • Signs onto a brief in the now-landmark Dobbs case opposing Mississippi’s 15-week abortion ban. The U.S. Supreme Court sides with the state and overturns Roe in the process.

    • Signs onto a brief challenging South Carolina’s six-week abortion ban. A federal judge blocks the law, but it takes effect after the overturning of Roe.

The primary campaign for governor ramps up in 2022

Shapiro runs for the Democratic nomination unopposed. Mastriano runs in a field of nine candidates and emphasizes his record as a leading voice in the movement denying former President Donald Trump lost the 2020 presidential election.

  • Doug Mastriano
    April 2022 — primary campaign for governor

    "I am pro-life. It’s the No. 1 issue,” Mastriano says during a primary debate. He says that if Roe is overturned, his administration would “move with alacrity, with speed” and he would start by signing heartbeat legislation. He says he believes life begins at conception, adding, “We're gonna have to work our way towards that.” He also says, “I don’t give a way for exceptions.”

    Mastriano says he would support criminal penalties for doctors who perform abortions but not for patients who seek them.

  • Doug Mastriano
    May 2022 — primary campaign for governor

    "There is no greater issue in our generation than a right to life,” Mastriano says in a campaign video. “Pennsylvania aborts about 30,000 babies a year. This is unconscionable. More than half of those abortions come from our minority population. So it’s a sort of genocide that's going on here."

    According to the Pennsylvania Department of Health, about 32,000 abortions were performed in Pennsylvania in 2020, the most recent year for which annual data is available. About 54% of the patients were nonwhite.

A draft of a U.S. Supreme Court majority opinion overturning Roe v. Wade is leaked

The draft opinion, first reported by Politico, signals a potential seismic shift in abortion access nationwide and raises the stakes of the midterm election – especially in Pennsylvania’s race for governor.

  • Doug Mastriano
    May 2022 — official statement as state senator

    “January 22, 1973 was one of the darkest days in American history. On that day, seven justices of the Supreme Court ruled that the right to life could merely be reduced to a decision of convenience. … Our nation is now on the precipice of reversing this science-denying genocide. Thanks to President Trump, a conservative majority on the Supreme Court is set to right this historic wrong. Since I was elected to the Senate, there has been no more important issue to me than the right to life.”

  • Josh Shapiro
    May 2022 — primary campaign for governor

    Shapiro says of Republican-backed bills aimed at banning abortion: “This is an extreme position and I can tell you it is wildly out of touch with a majority of Pennsylvanians. The stakes could not be higher. I will veto any and all of those bills that restrict the right to abortion here in Pennsylvania.”

Mastriano and Shapiro win their respective nominations for governor

Shapiro, who ran unopposed, was the presumptive nominee. Mastriano, who receives a late endorsement from Trump, wins decisively, finishing 23 percentage points ahead of the second-place candidate.

  • Josh Shapiro
    May 2022 — general election campaign for governor

    Shapiro sends a message to supporters the night of the primary election, writing: “The contrast in this election could not be clearer – Doug Mastriano wants to ban abortion without exceptions…”

  • Doug Mastriano
    May 2022 — general election campaign for governor

    In an election night speech, Mastriano says, “Democrat governors around the nation here want to kill babies even up to birth and some are talking about after birth. That’s extreme. That’s denying the science. That’s immoral. Every baby deserves a right to life.”

    Antiabortion advocates have often zeroed in on comments made by a former Virginia governor and on legislation in California – which was amended – to suggest Democratic governors are in favor of infanticide. The claims have been debunked repeatedly.

    Doug Mastriano, the GOP nominee for governor, talks to supporters during his primary election-night party in Chambersburg on May 17.STEVEN M. FALK / Staff Photographer

The Supreme Court overturns Roe v. Wade

The Court’s conservative majority strikes down Roe, triggering a cascade of varying abortion bans in states across large swaths of the South and Midwest. Pennsylvania’s law does not change as a result of the decision.

  • Doug Mastriano
    June 24, 2022 — general election campaign for governor

    “Roe v. Wade is rightly relegated to the ash heap of history. As the abortion debate returns to the states, Pennsylvania must be prepared to lead the nation in being a voice for the voiceless. … While this decision by the U.S. Supreme Court is a triumph for innocent life, it must not take our focus away from the key issues facing Pennsylvania families.”

  • Josh Shapiro
    June 24, 2022 — general election campaign for governor

    “While we expected we'd face this devastating ruling — this is a tragic day for our country, as a woman’s freedom to choose now depends on the state in which she lives. Abortion is still legal in Pennsylvania, but whether it remains legal depends entirely on who we elect as our next Governor.“

    Josh Shapiro speaks during a press conference in Philadelphia on June 29 highlighting the importance abortion access in Pennsylvania.HEATHER KHALIFA / Staff Photographer

Staff Contributors

  • Reporter: Anna Orso
  • Editor: Manuelita Beck
  • Digital Editor: Patricia Madej